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Thursday, July 5, 2012

Bahasa Inggris 1 - Rumus 16 Tenses (Broadcast)

RUMUS 16 TENSES BAHASA INGGRIS

Kata Kerja
Kata Kerja adalah bagian inti dari Tenses Bahasa Inggris. Kata kerja atau Verb pada rumus-rumus Tenses di blog ini, Kata kerja atau Verb ini sering saya singkat V saja. Jadi kalau V+ing artinya sama dengan Verb+ing, sering juga saya tulis sebagai “Ving” saja agar mudah.
Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris ada banyak bentuknya: V1, V2, V3, Ving.
Kata Kerja bentuk 1 atau saya singkat V1, yaitu kata kerja dasar, seperti: drink, go, write, read, participate, learn, study, dan sebagainya. Ada kata kerja bentuk ke 2, sering saya singkat V2. Kata kerja bentuk 3 ya V3. Serta Kata Kerja bentuk ING atau saya singkat Ving. Bagaimana cara menggunakan bentuk-bentuk kata kerja tersebut? Ada di masing-masing pelajaran Tenses Bahasa Inggris.
Perubahan Bentuk Kata Kerja
Perubahan bentuk Kata Kerja bentuk 1 (V1) ke bentuk kedua (V2) dan bentuk ke 3 (V2) ada yang beraturan (ada rumusnya) dan ada juga yang tidak beraturan (tidak ada rumusnya). Wah memamg inilah yang membuat bahasa Inggris ini menjadi rumit bagi kita orang Indonesia, haha.
Kata Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb):
Artinya ya mempunyai keteraturan bentuknya, ada rumusnya misalnya ditambah “D” atau “ED” seperti: live – lived – lived, play, played, played.
Walaupun ada aturannya tetapi aturan perubahan tersebut masih ada beberapa. Daftar kata kerja beraturan ini pun panjang sekali. Saya sarankan Anda mempunyai buku Grammar Bahasa Inggris walaupun yang kecil dan sederhana, biasanya ada di sana. Memang Anda mau menulsinya disini satu per satu?.
Kata Kerja TIDAK Beraturan (Irregular Verb):
Misalnya kata kerja “drink” berturut-turut untuk bentuk ke 1 sampai 3: drink-drank-drunk. Satu contoh lain lagi: break-broke-broken
Masih ingat V1, V2, V3 dan Ving? Jangan lupa apa itu artinya ya, karena akan sering dipergunakan dalam setiap  tenses bahasa inggris

1. Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)

a. Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)
Rumus :
+ } S + V1 + O/C
- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C
? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C
Example :
+ } Sisca Reads book everyday
- } Sisca does not Read book everyday
? } does Sisca Read book everyday
Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)
For I, We, You, They = do
He, She, It = Does
Contoh kalimat :
(+) She is a new people here.
(+) He plays football every morning
(-) She isn’t a new people here.
(-) He does not playing football every morning.
(?) Is she a new people here?
(?) How playing football every morning?

b. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)
Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yabg sedang berlangsungpada waktu sekarang.
Rumus :
+ } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C            >>           + } They are playing badmintoon now
- } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C >>           – } They are not playing badmintoon now
? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C            >>           ? } Are they palaying badmintoon now ?
Yes They are / no they are not
For I = am
They, we, you = are
He, She, It = Is
Contoh dalam kalimat :
(+) He is playing badminton now
(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.
(?) Is he playing badminton now.

c. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb+main verb
Contoh :
(+) you have eaten mine.
(-) she has not been to Rome
(?) have you finished?

d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)
Rumus :
(+): S + have/has + been + Ving
(-): S + have/has + not + been + Ving
(?): Have/has + S + been + Ving
Contoh :
(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.
(+) We have been riding a horse for three days
(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.
(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.
(?) Has she been going to Malang ?
(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?

2. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)

a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)
Rumus :
+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C
-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C
?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C
Example :
+} We were at school yesterday
-} We were not at school yesterday
?} were we at school yesterday ?
For I, He, She, It = Was
They, we, you = were
Contoh :
(+) I saw a good film last night
(+) He came here last month
(-) I saw not a good film last night
(-) He came not last month
(?) Saw I a good film last night
(?) Came He here last month

b. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)
Rumus :
(+): S + was/were + Ving
(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving
(?): Was/Were + S + Ving
Contoh :
(+) He was watching television all afternoon last week
(+) They were talking about sport when I met him
(-) He wasn’t watching television all afternoon last week
(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him
(?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week
(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him

c. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
(+): S + had + V3
(-): S + had + not + V3
(?): Had + S + V3
Contoh :
(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle
(+) The ship had left before I arrived
(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle
(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived
(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?
(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?

d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) They had been living there for two month
(+) When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton
(-) They hadn’t been living there for two month
(-) When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton
(?) Had they been living there for two month?
(?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?

3. Future Tense (Akan Datang)

a. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.
(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock
(?) Will he go to America next month?
(+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?

b. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will be writing a comic.
(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.
(-) I will not writing a comic.
(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.
(?) Will I be writing a comic ?
(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?

c. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) Iwill havefinishedby 10am.
(+) Youwill haveforgottenme by then.
(-) Shewillnothavegoneto school.
(-) Wewillnothaveleft.
(?) Willyou havearrived?
(?) Willthey havereceivedit?

d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will have been reading a news paper.
(+) He will have been listening music.
(-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.
(-) He will haven’t listening a music.
(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?
(?) Will He have listening a music ?

4. Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)

a. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + V1
Negatif: S + would + not + V1
Tanya:  Would + S + V1
Contoh :
(+) He would come if you invited him.
(+) They would buy a home the previous day.
(-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.
(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.
(?) Would He come if invited him ?
(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?

b. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + be + Ving
Negatif: S + would + not + be + Ving
Tanya: Would + S + be + Ving
Contoh :
(+) I should be swimming at this time the following day.
(+) I shall be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time the following day.
(-) I shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ?
(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?

c. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + have + V3
Negatif: S + would + not + have + V3
Tanya: Would + S + have + V3
Contoh :
(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.
(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of this week.
(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling
(-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end of this week
(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?
(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of this week ?

d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + have + been + Ving
Negatif: S + would + not + have + been + Ving
Tanya: Would + S + have + been + Ving
Contoh :
Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years
(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years
(+) Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years
(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen year
(-) Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking English for two years
(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?
(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?

Belajar 16 Tenses, 16 Tenses serta rumus lengkap 16 Tenses dalam bahasa Inggris beserta contoh dan kalimat dari 16 Tenses, lengkap dengan cara dan rumus 16 Tenses Untuk Belajar Bahasa Inggris Dengan Mudah

    SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Sesuatu yang terjadi terus menerus, selalu atau biasa terjadi

1. Pola Kalimat

        Kalimat Berkata Kerja

(+) Subject+Verb 1 (s/es)+Object

(-) Subject+do/does not+V1

(?) Do/does+Subject+V1

        Kalimat Tidak Berkata Kerja

(+) Subject+to be+noun, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+to be+not+noun, adjective, adverb

(?) To be+Subject+noun, adjective, adverb

    Contoh Kalimat

    I work in the office

    He catches a bird

    We are happy everytime

    Kegunaan

Simple present tense melukiskan:

    Kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa yang berulang atau kebiasaan yang dilakukan seseorang atau sekelompok orang. Penggunaan tenses ini biasanya dilengkapi dengan adverb of frequency : always, often, usually, never, seldom, sometime, generally, normally, occasionally, hardly, rarely. Tense ini biasa dilengkapi dengan adverb of time: every day, every week, every morning, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, weekly, monthly.

    Menyatakan kebenaran umum.

    Menyatakan agenda harian, mingguan, tahunan.

    Kenyataan sekarang.

    Perintah atau suruhan.

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Sesuatu yang terjadi atau berlangsung pada saat dibicarakan

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+to be (is/am/are)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+to be+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) To be+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

        Contoh Kalimat

a, She is singing at the zoo

b. I am studying English

        Kegunaan

a. Menunjukkan suatu kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung ketika si penutur sedang berbicara. Tense ini biasanya diiringi adverb of time: now, at present, at this moment, right now.

b. Pengulangan suatu tindakan yang sama.

c. Tindakan yang akan segera dilakukan terutama menyangkut kata kerja gerak: go, come, do, walk, swim, run

3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Sesuatu yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan masih ada hubungannya dengan sekarang. Akibat-akibat kejadian itu masih terasa atau masih ada sisa-sisa bekas kejadian yang belum lama terjadi

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+have/has+been/Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+have/has+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Have/has+Subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

2. Contoh Kalimat

a. I have painted this house

b. She has eaten some food in dining room

    Kegunaan

a. Sesuatu yang telah sempurna dilakukan pada saat diucapkan atau kejadian yang baru saja terjadi dan akibatnya masih dapat dirasakan sampai sekarang. Kata keterangan yang sering disisipkan di antaranya: just, already, once, yet, not yet, since

b. Menyatakan sesuatu pengalaman

c. Menyatakan sesuatu yang telah dimulai dari titik waktu atau selama waktu tertentu dan masih berlanjut hingga sekarang. Biasanya ada keterangan since dan for

        PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Sesuatu kejadian yang telah terjadi dan mulai dari masa lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+have/has+been+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+have/has+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Have/has+been+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

2. Contoh Kalimat

a. They have been sleeping since ten until now.

b. She has been working in the workshop

    Kegunaan

a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang masih berlangsung sampai saat ini (berawal dari satu titik waktu di masa lampau dan berlanjut terus hingga sekarang). Biasanya disisipi keterangan since, for, since…until.

b. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang belum lama terjadi

        SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Situasi atau satu kejadian yang terjadi pada titik waktu di masa lampau

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+Verb-2+ object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+did not+V-1+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Did+Subject+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

2. Contoh Kalimat

1. We stopped the bus at the bus stop yesterday

2. She wrote letter all day yesterday

    Kegunaan

        Menunjukan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan pada waktu tertetu di masa lampau. Tense ini biasanya diiringi kata keterangan waktu: yesterday, last week, last month, a week ago.

        Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang hanya terjadi satu kali di masa lampau

        Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang dilakukan berulang-ulang di masa lampau

        PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Situasi yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+be (was/were)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+was/were+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Was/were+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

    Kegunaan

a. Menunjukkan kegiatan, kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau ketika suatu kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa lain terjadi

b. Untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang sedang terjadi di masa lampau

7. PAST PERFECT TENSE

Sesuatu yang sudah terjadi, sebelum kejadian lain terjadi pada waktu lampau

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+had+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+had+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Had+subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

    Kegunaan

a. Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang sudah dituntaskan di masa lampau sebelum suatu kegiatan lain terjadi

b. Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang telah selesai dalam waktu tertentu di masa yang telah lalu

8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Suatu kejadian yang sangat lama, dan masih ada hubungannya dengan saat tertentu pada waktu lampau

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+had+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+had+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Had+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

2. Kegunaan

a. Menunjukkan suatu peristiwa yang masih berlangsung atau terjadi dalam satu jangka waktu tertentu di masa lampau

b. Membicarakan sesuatu yang kejadiannya berlangsung sangat lama, dan masih ada hubungannya dengan satu tertentu di masa lampau

c. Membicarakan lama berlangsungnya dari suatu kejadian sebelum suatu kejadian yang lain terjadi di masa lampau

9. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Suatu kegiatan yang akan dilakukan atau peristiwa yang mungkin atau akan terjadi

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+will/shall+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+be/V-1+object, adjective, adverb

2. Kegunaan

a. Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang akan terjadi atau mungkin akan dilakukan di masa yang akan datang

b. Membicarakan sesuatu yang akan dilakukan pada saat berbicara

c. Menawarkan sesuatu

d. Menjanjikan sesuatu

e. Menyetujui atau menolak sesuatu

f. Meminta seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu

10. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada titik waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+will/shall+be+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+be+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+be+V-1+object, adjective, adverb

2. Kegunaan

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsug atau terjadi pada titik waktu tertentu di masa depan.

        This time next week I will be shopping in Malaysia

        By two o’clock next Sunday I will be playing golf

11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Suatu kejadian yang diperkirakan tuntas di masa yang akan datang

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+will/shall+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

2. Kegunaan

Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang direncanakan telah tuntas atau dituntaskan di masa yang akan datang. Kata keterangan yang digunakan misalnya: by then, by that time, in five hours, in six years

    The Congress will have been over by two o’clock tomorrow

    By the end of this month we shall have arrived I London

12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Suatu kejadian yang diperkirakan masih berlangsung di masa yang akan datang

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+will/shall+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+been+Verb-ing+object, adj, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

2. Kegunaan

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kajadian atau peristiwa yang masih berlangsung dalam jangka waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang

13. PAST FUTURE TENSE

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+Verb-1

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

2. Contoh Kalimat

    I would buy a new house

    You would get wet

    If I were you, I wouldn’t do that


14. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+be+Verb-ing

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

2. Contoh Kalimat

    I would be playing football


15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+have+Verb-3

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

2. Contoh Kalimat

    If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam

    If I hadn’t helped you, you would have failed


16. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+have+been+Verb-ing

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

2. Contoh Kalimat

    I would have been learning English.





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